This chapter discusses the application of the law concerned with alcohol, drugs, and substance use. Many of the incidents encountered by police officers will be alcohol- or drug-related, particularly on late shifts. Thus, the health and safety of all persons present must be considered due to the potential for injury. The chapter covers the legislation and powers available to a police officer to deal with people who excessively drink alcohol while simultaneously preventing the youth's consumption of alcohol. It also elaborates on the notion of county lines, which is used to describe gangs and organized criminal networks involved in exporting illegal drugs into one or more importing areas within the UK.
12
Chapter
Alcohol, Drugs, and Substance Use
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
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- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
Chapter
Attempts, Conspiracy, and Encouraging or Assisting Crime
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
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- 12 February 2024
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- 13 March 2024
This chapter looks into the offences of people who are considered to be accessories to a crime. It discusses the legislation designed to deal with suspects or offenders who stop just short of committing indictable offences but can be prosecuted for conspiracy or for attempting to commit the full offence. The relatively new legislation has a slightly wider scope than the common law offence of incitement that it replaces. The chapter also examines the notion of conspiracy which describes a plan made in secret by a group of people to do something unlawful. It explains that the Serious Crime Act 2007 contains provisions for encouraging or assisting another person to commit an offence.
Book
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024 provides an overview of key concepts needed for police training. It offers support for trainee police officers undertaking the Police Constable Degree Apprenticeship (PCDA) or the Degree Holders Entry Programme (DHEP) or learners aiming to join the police on a College of Policing undergraduate degree. The Handbook’s clear six-part structure meets the needs of all students entering policing through pre-join schemes or an alternative qualification route. Each part represents key stages of progression, such as initial training and confirmation. Additionally, Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024 covers topics such as stop, search, and entry, alcohol and drug offences, sexual offences, and cybercrime.
Chapter
Conducting Investigations
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
Publication History:
- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter tackles the process of conducting investigations. It details the different aspects of the criminal investigative processes correlated to evidential matters, including the role of forensic investigation, and investigative interviewing. Central to the investigative process is the collection, collation, and evaluation of many differing categories of information that are directed through legislation. The chapter provides an outline of the principles needed to help guide an investigative mindset. It explains that using the National Decision Model (NDM) when making decisions within a criminal investigation allows the investigation to be conducted in a more ethical and effective approach and improves public confidence in police investigations.
Chapter
Counter-Terrorism
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
Publication History:
- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter explains that counter-terrorism is a challenging and dynamic phenomenon. It elaborates on the understanding of the threat from terrorism in the UK, the legislation in response, the structure of agencies involved in counter-terrorism activities and the UK’s counter-terrorism strategy. Different states have created and relied on a range of strategies and sub-strategies framed by political and socio-economic factors to combat the threat of terrorism. The chapter also provides an overview of the UK's history of terrorism and contemporary terror threats. It mentions the negative media coverage of counter-terrorism when things go south and the CONTEST strategy as the UK's counter-terrorism strategy.
Chapter
Criminal Justice
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
Publication History:
- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter focuses on the key features of the criminal justice system (CJS) in England and Wales. It also provides an overview of the key information relating to prosecution and court processes. In the UK, the concept of the CJS refers to the law, law enforcement, and dealing with transgressions of the law. Meanwhile, prosecution, as all experienced police officers know, is often a lengthy and complex affair and many aspects are not solely in the control of the police. If the investigation leads to a prosecution, it will usually be conducted by the police, or the CPS on behalf of the Crown or the state.
Chapter
Criminology and Crime Prevention
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
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- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter provides an overview of the nature of disorder, crime, and criminality in England and Wales. Criminology has provided the police with important theories about the nature of crime and criminal behaviour. Moreover, the Neighbourhood Policing Model is supported by developments in criminological theories on crime prevention, the characteristics of victims, and the spatial movements of criminals, and evidence-based policing. The chapter cites how crime prevention is a long-standing but often neglected policing priority. It elaborates on the distinctions and expressions of crime prevention, which is an integral part of police officers' duties alongside crime detection and public cyber-security awareness.
Chapter
Damage to Buildings and Other Property
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
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- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter examines the law surrounding property damage offences, most of which originate from the Criminal Damage Act 1971. It also considers the legislation on protecting ancient monuments, heritage sites, and sites of historic interest in the UK. The investigation of criminal damage, arson, and heritage crime provides good examples of the multi-agency approach to crime reduction. In accordance with the PACE Act 1984, police officers have the power of entry to search premises in order to prevent serious damage to property. The chapter explains that cultural crime detection might also involve the police working in partnership with Historic England.
Chapter
Decision-making and Professional Judgement
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
Publication History:
- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter highlights the importance of police officers' decision-making skills as they may have a profound impact on people's lives. It explains the significance of respecting human rights and using ethical principles in decision-making, particularly when interacting with members of the public. The National Decision Model (NDM) is a decision-making tool used by police officers to structure their decision-making process during policing activities. Additionally, the College of Policing Authorised Professional Practice provides further guidance on the NDM, risk assessment, and management, while also addressing potential barriers to effective decision-making. The chapter examines the police procedures and powers of stop, search, and entry.
Chapter
Digital Policing
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
Publication History:
- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter introduces the notion of cybercrime that is handled by digital policing. It considers the definition of cyber-dependent and cyber-enabled crimes as per the government’s National Cyber Security Strategy 2022 glossary. Cybercrime and the police response are covered in policing degrees, which include an overview of the internet and more advanced topics, such as social media and the rapidity of technological development. Since technological change is likely to continue at an ever-increasing pace, a police officer must be able to recognize new forms of crime in new environments and take appropriate and timely actions. The chapter acknowledges that the main complication when dealing with cybercrime is often the international nature of evidence gathering.
Chapter
Evidence-based Policing and Problem Solving
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
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- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter elaborates on the notion of Evidence-Based Policing (EBP). The principles of evidence-based practice revolve around systematically using scientific knowledge as ‘evidence’ to enhance operational, strategic or policy decision-making. Moreover, the approach recognizes the value of conducting robust research and ensures that research evidence informs practice. The College of Policing developed several workstreams to professionalize policing, which involves numerous factors like the establishment of a code of ethics and an advocacy for evidence-based practice. The chapter then looks into the EBP agenda in the context of the evidence-based research project (EBRP), which is a requirement for students studying the policing education qualifications framework (PEQF) programmes.
Chapter
Information and Intelligence
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
Publication History:
- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter examines how criminal intelligence is used to support policing objectives. It considers some of the components of intelligence gathering, such as sources, source handling, surveillance, and research and development. As many investigations become successful due to good intelligence, the UK’s strategy for counter-terrorism heavily depends on the UK intelligence community. The chapter highlights the importance of the National Intelligence Model (NIM), intelligence collection plan (ICP), and Tasking and Coordinating Group (T&CG) process for student police officers. It mentions how covert surveillance can help with investigations since criminals will usually go to some lengths to prevent their information from leaking.
Chapter
Introducing the Handbook
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
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- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This introductory chapter provides some background information and advice on studying policing. The Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024 is designed to support people new to policing who are studying for a policing degree or taking initial police training. The chapter explains how dynamic movements and changes in society require police officers to keep abreast of issues that change people's perceptions in nuanced ways. The chapter presents the structure of the Handbook, which includes professional policing, core policing values, core aspects of police work, the policing process, and specific aspects of police work. It also details the acronyms and forms of jargon used in policing
Chapter
Leadership, Communication, and Teamwork
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
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- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter discusses the significance of leadership, teamwork and communication skills. In the UK, there is general agreement that investment in leadership is imperative to support an effective and cost-efficient police service. Moreover, leadership is closely interlinked with the need for good teamwork and excellent communication. Thus, effective policing requires effective communication since officers must be aware of differing and diverse needs within a community when dealing in person with members of the public. The chapter then elaborates on approaches to effective communication after recognizing that the barriers to good communication were a lack of confidence and nervousness, which are traits trainee police officers would need to address.
Chapter
Maintaining Professional Standards
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
Publication History:
- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter looks into the professional standards of policing. It refers to professional standards as a threshold expectation for police officers, while also considering the key parameters of the College of Policing Authorised Professional Practice (APP). In reality, police officers are not essentially ordinary citizens as they are people who are willing to go above and beyond despite being paid. Moreover, police officers are motivated by aspirational values that they are willing to endure a whole range of limits and restrictions that most ordinary people would not tolerate. The chapter then elaborates on how to maintain professional standards in policing.
Chapter
Managing Conflict
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
Publication History:
- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter looks into the role of police constables in managing conflict. It defines conflict as an inevitable part of human interaction that affects the officer’s operational effectiveness and decision-making. Thus, managing conflict appropriately and effectively is an essential skill in a police officer’s arsenal and can save a person’s life. The chapter explains the steps to resolving conflict deliberately instead of just trusting the officers' unconscious reactions. It elaborates on how appropriately managed conflict may reveal an outcome that suits everyone’s needs, lead to more nuanced and holistic approaches to problem-solving and decision-making, and also improve relationships between individuals.
Chapter
Policing Communities
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
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- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
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- 13 March 2024
This chapter focuses on policing in communities, particularly in England and Wales. It elaborates on the concept of community policing in line with the function and impact of neighbourhood policing as a strategy. Additionally, the police role holds significance in maintaining public trust and confidence, which coincides with the future challenges for community policing. According to the National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC), the relationship between the police and the communities they serve is the bedrock of British policing. The chapter enumerates the key characteristics of effective neighbourhood policing, which is focused on reducing crime and improving perceptions of police legitimacy.
Chapter
Policing the Roads
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
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- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter discusses the key concepts around road policing. It covers the terms commonly used in the legislation, non-driving highways offences, and the offences related to circumstance and manner of driving, collisions, and drink- and drug-driving. Most of the legislation and regulation revolves around the notion of safety and the protection of road users, with pedestrians, motorcyclists, and cyclists being particularly vulnerable. The chapter mentions how road transport collisions became a common cause of fatality over the years in England and Wales. It also looks into research on the link between offending on the roads and other forms of criminality.
Chapter
Public Protection, Victims, and Witnesses
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
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- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter explores the interplay between public protection, victims, and witnesses. The range of crimes covered by public protection is often serious and complex since it mostly affects the most vulnerable in a community. Thus, in order to effectively tackle these complex crimes, the police do not and cannot operate in isolation. The chapter highlights multi-agency cooperation and effective information sharing as critical features of effective policing before discussing the importance of the role of other agencies and initial police response. It looks into the law, policy and guidance around supporting victims and witnesses who come into contact with the Criminal Justice System as a part of a police investigation.
Chapter
Response Policing
Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeodwith, and Christina Davis
Chapter
In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2024
Edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, Julian Parker-McLeod, and Christina Davis
Publication History:
- Published in print:
- 12 February 2024
- Published online:
- 13 March 2024
This chapter discusses the general procedures to be followed when working on a response policing team. It explains that the principles primarily revolve around attending incidents, including setting up and managing crime scenes and the law surrounding detention and arrest, and collecting evidence. Police officers must know the law and how to apply it about detaining a person, carrying out an arrest, and taking a suspect into custody. Moreover, in all situations, officers should use the National Decision Model to ensure that all decisions are made lawfully under the Code of Ethics, national and local policies, and procedures. The chapter explains that police constables are expected to safely and lawfully provide an initial, autonomous and ongoing response to incidents.
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